إتحاد مكتبات الجامعات المصرية

إتحاد مكتبات الجامعات المصرية

http://srv3.eulc.edu.eg/eulc_v5/libraries/start.aspx

موقع واحد يتيح جميع مصادر المعرفة للباحث المصري :

• مقتنيات مكتبات الجامعات المصرية

• رسائل الماجستير و الدكتوراه للباحثين المصريين

• الرسائل قيد الدراسة بالجامعات المصرية

• أبحاث أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات المصرية

• المجلات العلمية التي تصدرها الجامعات المصرية

• المقتنيات الإلكترونية التي تملكها الجامعات المصرية

• البث الأرشيفي للمحاضرات الإلكترونية

• التواصل مع كبرى المكتبات العالمية لمعرفة أحدث الكتب

• التواصل مع كبرى قواعد البيانات العالمية المشترك بها المجلس الأعلى للجامعات للتعرف على أحدث الأبحاث العلمية على مستوي العالم بالإضافة إلى الاطلاع على أكثر من 25 ألف دورية وتحميل النص الكامل لها

Directory of Free Arab Journals

Directory of Free Arab Journals

ظهرت فكرة إنشاء الدليل نتيجة لما توصلت إليه الباحثة/ غدير مجدي عبد الوهاب في رسالة الماجستير الخاصة بها في موضوع الدوريات الإلكترونية من عدم وجود أدلة عربية تحصر الدوريات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في الوطن العربي والمتاحة على شبكة الإنترنت باختلاف تخصصاتها الموضوعية. لذا قررت أن تبدأ بالمبادرة وأن تقوم بإعداد أول دليل عربي يحصر الدوريات العلمية المحكمة الصادرة في الوطن العربي والمتاحة على شبكة الإنترنت مجاناً، وهو دليل قائم على الجهود الشخصية لا يتبع أي جهة أو منظمة أو مؤسسة تتحمل الباحثة إعداده وتطويره وتمويله، ويساعدها الزميل الفاضل الأستاذ/ محمود أنور أبو المجد حيث يقوم بتقنين رؤوس الموضوعات التى تغطيها الدوريات وتصنيف الدوريات موضوعياً.

Open Science Directory, Search Tool for Open Access Journals

Open Science Directory, Search Tool for Open Access Journals

About 13000 scientific journals are now available in the 'Open Science Directory'. When all the special program journals will be included, the Open Science Directory will contain more than 20000 titles.

Goal:

• To create a global search tool for all open access and special programs journal titles.
• To enhance the access of these collections by creating direct links to the journals and their articles included in this A-to-Z-list.
• All information about the included journal collections is available at the websites of the included projects. These websites are directly accessible from the Open Science Directory.

The Open Science Directory has been developed by EBSCO and the Hasselt University Library based upon a request by marine information management experts collaborating within the framework of the IOC's IODE programme.

Writing Literature Reviews in APA Format

Literature reviews are writing assignments that investigate the research conducted on a particular topic. It summarizes what scientific literature has to say about your particular topic. APA format helps us to organize the references in a standardized form. As such, it is most commonly used while writing literature reviews. Knowledge of writing literature reviews in APA format is very essential, especially for students. Students are often assigned the task of writing literature reviews to get them prepared before they take on primary research assignments. Generally, writing literature reviews in APA format is considered to be a complex process. However, you must remember that though writing it might be a complicated task, it is easy for the reader to understand. A few useful tips for writing literature reviews in APA format are discussed below.

Tips for Writing Literature Reviews in APA Format

• As far as possible, avoid using direct quotes. You can summarize the basic idea in your own words, and give proper author citation for it. In case you have to use a direct quotation, enclose the quoted text in quotation marks, and provide the author name, year of publication, and page number in parentheses.
• Mention the most fundamental studies first. In other words, the most recent studies should be mentioned at last. In that way, the studies will be listed in a sequence. Therefore, the reader can easily understand the research conducted on a particular topic and what conclusions were put forth. Reading about a research and knowing how and why it leads to another research helps you to get a clear understanding of a particular topic.
• Based on your topic, try to include as many relevant references in your literature review as possible. That will help in preventing repetitive research. If some significant studies are omitted, readers might assume that research has not been conducted in that particular area and might take up the same. There is no point in people conducting the same type of research again and again. It is just a waste of time and effort.
• Avoid citing secondary sources as far as possible. It is always advisable to go through the original source yourself and decide whether it is relevant enough to be cited in your literature review.
• While presenting the sources, make it a point to evaluate them in the context of the topic. Present comparisons, point out flaws or loopholes that help in deciding the course of future research.

These are just a few general tips. For knowing more about the technical specifications of writing literature reviews in APA format, you can refer the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition.

 http://blog.manuscriptedit.com/2013/03/writing-literature-reviews-in-apa-format/

APA Style Citation

APA style citation follows the official guidelines set by the American Psychological Association for listing the sources used in a research paper. It has found widespread use in various disciplines, especially papers of social and behavioral sciences.

A paper with APA style citation should include in-text citations with a corresponding reference list, commonly known as the Reference section. In a research paper, the in-text citations are used in the main body of the paper when you refer to other studies relevant to your topic. The Reference section at the end of your paper should include all the in-text citations that you have used in your main paper. You need to keep in mind that, if you have cited a source in text, itmust be included in the reference list.

Advantages of APA Style Citation

• Its format is standardized in such way that the reader can understand it easily. The in-text citations help the reader to identify the source while reading the sentence/paragraph itself.
• It does not use footnotes and endnotes. Therefore, the reader does not get distracted while going through the paper.
• Its format undergoes periodic updations keeping in mind the current research trends.

Guidelines for Using APA Style Citation

Citing references in APA format may seem to be complex for beginners. So, we will discuss a few of the most commonly used APA style citations, which will help to form a basic understanding of this format.

APA Style Citation – In-text

Direct quotes

Example 1: Freud (1927) stated that “religion is comparable to a childhood neurosis” (p. 78).

Example 2: “Religion is comparable to a childhood neurosis” (Freud, 1927, p.78).

Note: In case the quote is longer than 40 words, it should be set as a separate block of text with an indent of half inch from the left margin. Do not use quotation marks.

Two authors

Example 1: Optimization of anticoagulation therapy along with the platelet antiaggregation therapy is necessary for the effective management of stroke in TAH patients (Hart & Sherman, 1987).

Example 2: Hart and Sherman (1987) reported that optimization of anticoagulation therapy along with the platelet anti-aggregation therapy is necessary for the effective management of stroke in TAH patients.

Note: ‘and’ is used when the author names are part of the paragraph; ‘&’ is used when the author names are given in parenthesis.

Two to five authors

In first citation, all the names are listed. In subsequent citations, ‘et al.’ is used.

Example: …suffered from serious infection and sepsis (Rose, Moskowitz, & Packer, 1999).

In subsequent citations of the same source, use (Rose et al., 1999).

Six or more authors

In this case, cite the first author’s name followed by et al. for all occurrences.

Example: … for treatment of several diseases (Williams et al., 2002).

Multiple studies cited together

They should be sorted alphabetically with first author name.

Example: Numerous studies (Freud, 1927; Kamil, 1988; Rose et al., 1999; Williams et al., 2002)…

APA Style Citation – References

Two to six authors

Maliranta, M., Mohnen, P., & Rouvinen, P. (2009). Is inter-firm labor mobility a channel of knowledge spillovers? Evidence from a linked employer–employee panel. Industrial and Corporate Change, 18(6), 1161-1191.

More than six authors

Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-856.

 Journal

Alchian, A. A. (1950). Uncertainty, evolution, and economic theory. Journal of Political Economy, 58(3), 211-221.

Note: The issue number should be used only if each issue of that particular journal starts with page one.

Book

Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1996). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Book chapter

Stinchcombe, A. L. (1965). Social structure and organizations. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of organizations (pp. 142-193). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.

Edited book

Brown, J. E., & Stephens, E. C. (Eds.). (1998). United in diversity: Using multicultural young adult literature in the classroom. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.

We have listed a few of the most commonly used APA style citations. For more examples and additional information, you can refer the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

http://blog.manuscriptedit.com/2013/04/apa-style-citation/

Common Rules for Scientific Writing

Writing scientific paper is a challenging task. Good and proper writing can impart excellence to scientific papers. However, certain mistakes and writing errors can have disastrous effects on scientific papers. These common mistakes in scientific writing are worth paying attention to. By learning to get these details, we can allow the reader to focus on the subject matter of the scientific paper, devoid of any distraction by uncomplicated and unnecessary errors.

Following are provided some common rules for scientific writing. These rules and conventions can guide and help to know and learn about the most basic and common rules for scientific writing.

Some Common Rules for Scientific Writing

• All pages of the scientific paper should be numbered in a continuous order, except the first page, which is usually not numbered as it is generally understood as page one.
• Avoid the use of sequence of parentheses, such as (Smith 2000) (Figure 1). Instead, combine the data as (Smith 2000; Figure 1).
• Avoid in-text citations, such as “…writing experience. (Smith 2000)”. Instead, include the in-text citations inside end punctuation, such as “…writing experience (Smith 2000).”.
• In-text literature citations must have their full citation provided in the Reference list and vice versa.
• Define acronyms or abbreviations at the time of first use or appearance in the paper. So that the relative acronym/abbreviation can be used in rest of the paper.
• Tables and figures should be numbered in the order they appear in the text.
• Cite figures/tables as (Figure 1) or (Fig. 1) or (Table 1) and not as (see Figure 1) or (see Table 1) or (see Figure 1 attached), etc.
• The results of other studies are discussed in the past tense, such as “Smith et al. (2000) found that…”.
• The Methods section of a scientific paper is written in the past tense, as the research must have been already conducted at the time the paper is being written. However, the Results section of a scientific paper is written in the present tense.
• Scientific names are composed of two words (genus name and species name). They are always written in italics or are underlined. First letter of the genus name is always capitalized, while the species name is not.
• Generic names must be written in full at their first appearance in the title, abstract, and main text. However, their abbreviated form can be used in these sections, if they are subsequently mentioned.
• Use simple words and examples rather than complex ones. Similarly, use simple sentences rather than more complicated ones.
• Double‐space the whole scientific paper, except the abstract, which is single‐spaced.
• Ensure to cite each and every source, as well as findings reported in the paper.
• Always spell-check the final paper and carefully proofread before submission.

By following the above given common rules for scientific writing, one can easily learn to compose a scientific paper without any major error or mistake. However, in order to write a completely error-free scientific paper, thorough knowledge and practice is needed.

http://blog.manuscriptedit.com/2013/04/common-rules-for-scientific-writing/

Guidelines for Writing Scientific Article

Good design and simple writing style of a scientific article are very important for getting the work published in a scientific journal. Nowadays, all are busy in their work; they need something that is easy to read and understand quickly. Therefore, it is effective to write a scientific article in a clear and simple way, with as much information as can be provided in a straight-forward and concise style. Following are described the guidelines for writing scientific article in an effective manner.

Writing the Abstract

• Abstract is the brief report of the whole article. It should highlight the major and important points covered in the article.
• Writing the abstract includes summarising the whole article while providing as much information as possible.
• Identify the chief objectives, results, discussions and conclusions, and gather them in a single paragraph.
• Exclude background information, literature review, account of methods, and extra words and phrases.
• Re-read and revise the abstract to ensure that it conveys only the vital information.

Developing the Outline

• The idea of an outline is to separate and arrange the topics and arguments of the whole article into smaller tasks in a logical form before writing the final article.
• Prepare a fundamental message of the article by summarising the paper in one sentence (20-25 words).
• Describe the sampling method employed and the materials and methods used to conduct the study.
• Identify the major results and findings. List them in note form.
• Define the chief conclusions and implications arising from the study.
• Identify the limitations of the study results. What changes in practice, approaches or techniques would you recommend.
• List every key point separately. Organize them chronologically by order of importance. Organising method should be plain and coherent.
• Identify the references pertaining to each and every key point.
• Prepare the introduction by reading the notes made in the outline. Introduction should begin with the main message, describing the purpose/objective of the study, how the study was conducted, what were the results and their implications.

Preparing the First Draft of Article

• Combine all the information, i.e., data, references, tables, figures, etc.
• Decide the journal to which you plan to submit the article. Write and format the article according to the targeted journal.
• While writing the first draft, include all the chief points and information. Ignore the incomplete sentences and incorrect grammar at this stage.
• Express yourself clearly through your writing by writing what you understand and how you understand it.
• Use the headings from the prepared outline. Attempt to write the article in parts. Treat each section as a short article.
• Take a break from the work. Read the prepared first draft with a fresh approach and viewpoint.
• Edit or modify or delete, but be prepared to revise the article several times to make the final draft.
• Wherever possible and applicable, use short sentences, simple and clear words and phrases, small paragraphs denoting single idea.
• Proofread for clarity and readability. Re-read sentences and paragraphs for lucidity. For a scientific article, paragraphs of about 150 words in length are considered most favourable.
• Ensure consistency and regularity. An article with more than one author often shares the writing procedures. However, the writing style should be consistent and regular.

The above mentioned guidelines for writing scientific article provide the most basic and common guidelines used while writing any scientific article. By following these guidelines for writing scientific article, one can learn and know how to write scientific articles in an effective and attractive manner.

http://blog.reseapro.com/2013/04/guidelines-for-writing-scientific-article/

Formatting Research Paper in APA Style

APA style of formatting is one of the most widely used styles used to format research and thesis papers. In order to format research paper in APA style, one must essentially learn and get acquainted with the basic guidelines of APA formatting and style guide. As such, the fundamental guidelines for formatting research paper in APA style have been provided in details below.

Guidelines for Formatting Research Paper in APA Style

Document Setting

• Page Margins: 1 inch margins on all sides.
• Fonts: Preferably, 12 point, Times New Roman or Courier for text and Arial for figures.
• Spacing: Text to be double-spaced throughout the paper.
• Text Alignment: Text should be left aligned, with a ragged right margin. Do not hyphenate words.
• Paragraph Indentation: First line of every paragraph should be indented.
• Page Numbers: Starting with the title page, each page should be numbered.

Major Sections

While formatting research paper in APA style, the sections should be arranged in proper order: Title page, Abstract, Main Body, References, Appendixes, Tables, Figure Captions, Figures.

However, the major sections include: Title Page, Abstract, Main Body, References.

Running Head

Running head is a short version of the paper’s full title, which is helpful for readers to spot the titles for published articles. Running head’s title should be in CAPITAL letters and within 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation). The running head should be present in each page, with the title “Running head” mentioned only on the title page, and not in the rest of the paper. The title should be left aligned, and page numbers right aligned.

Title Page

Title page should be the first page of manuscript, enlisting the title of the paper, author’s name and institutional affiliation, without mentioning titles (Dr.) or degrees (PhD). APA formatting suggests that the title should be centre aligned and positioned in the upper half of the page. Besides, it should be limited to 12 words in length, without any abbreviations or trivial words, and should not be bolded, underlined, or italicised.

Author note

Author’s note provides the general information about the authors involved in the research. It includes the author’s departmental and institutional affiliation, changes in affiliation (if any), acknowledgments, funding sources, special circumstances and contact information, like postal address or e-mail.

Abstract and Keywords

Abstract should present a very clear and concise summary of the whole research paper. It helps the readers to swiftly assess the main idea and purpose of the research. Abstract should be limited to 150-250 words, with all acronyms and abbreviations defined properly.

A list of selected keywords should be provided in the abstract section, helping researchers to find your work in databases. The title “Keywords” should be italicised, and the sentence should be indented like the rest of the paper.

Section Heading

• 1^st level heading: Centre aligned, bold, and upper and lower case.
• 2^nd level heading: Left aligned, bold, and upper and lower case.
• 3^rd level heading: Indented 0.5” from the left margin, bold, and lower case (first word excluded).

References

References provide the information needed to find any cited source. All in-text citations should be provided in the reference list. Reference list should be arranged in alphabetical order by the author’s last name, or the first word in citation. All names should be cited for less than six authors, while for six or more authors, the first author’s name is followed by “et al.”. In-text citations (direct quotes) should mention author(s)’s name, publication year, and page number(s).

Tables and Figures

Each table should start on a new page. The table title and caption should be left aligned, while only the table caption should be italicised.

Figures captions should be provided separately on a new page. The figure label should be italicised and not the figure caption. Each figure should start on a new page, provided at the end of the paper.

Appendices

Appendices are short contents that complement the research paper, but are not directly related to the text. Usually, appendices are mentioned in the body of the paper. In case of more than one appendix, use a capital letter, like Appendix A, Appendix B, etc., to identify them separately.

Above mentioned guidelines will help you to learn and get familiar with formatting research paper in APA style. However, it would be suggested to seek guidance from your instructor for his final word on the format and style needed to format the assigned paper.

http://blog.reseapro.com/2013/03/formatting-research-paper-in-apa-style/